Description of Class Rotaliata Mikhalevich, 1980:
Shells multichambered only, all regular types of chamber arrangement well presented (glomerate type nearly absent), mostly trochospiral, planospiral and derived from both of them biserial and triserial ones (rarely secondarily uniserial), in advanced forms often cyclical; inner complications of chamber lumen are strongly developed: from thickened layers of the wall of different structure (labyrinthic, spongy, alveolar) and pillars in Textulariana up to septa and septula (of the first and second order) in higher representatives of both subclasses; in advanced forms of both subclasses chamber number could increase to several hundreds and thousands, and in this case they are often differentiated in their structure into central, median and peripheral layers (Orbitolina, Nummulites); additional skeletal plates above the sutures and umbilicus are common, especially in higher Rotaliata; integrative systems strongly developed (stolons, tunnels and the interconnected inner apertural systems in Textulariana, stolons, inner interconnected apertural systems and very complex canal systems in Rotaliana); wall in Textulariana monofontinal, agglutinated and microgranular, with pseudopores, with various complication of the inner wall, which could be cancellate, alveolar, spongy, in Rotaliana - bifontinal, with true regular pores, having cylindrical pore canaliculi with some transverse sieve plates besides the basal one; growth interrupted, the contours of every new chamber forming entirely at once, organic and lime secretion are divided in time, alternating ; aperture usually at the base of the apertural face (basal) both in coiled and in some biserial and triserial forms(in the last ones could became secondarily final), may also be areal and sieve-like, may have various inner structures (especially developed in Rotaliana, but occurring in Textulariana also): tooth-plates, subcylindrical or closed cylindrical plates, tongues, valves, which could be interconnected and could form a single system, additional apertures also well developed in both subclasses (sutural, umbilical, peripheral); agamonts of the higher Rotaliana (in Textulariana insufficiently studied) multinucleate, heterokariotic, gametes biflagellate (Glabratella has several somatic nuclei and threeflagellate gametes). Mostly free living, bottom forms, rarely attached, some parasitic species are known. Devonian - Holocene.
Description of Subclass Globigerinana Mikhalevich, 1980:
Shells multichambered, trochospiral and planospiral, more rarely derived from them multiserial to uniserial (Heterochelicida), with a small number of chambers per volution, with the progressive enlarging of the sizes of umbilical area up to nearly uncoiled spire and loose conjunction of the chambers, encircled and supported by the wide cytoplasmic layer or by the vesicular capsula (in advanced speialized forms(Hastigerina); chambers strongly flattened in flat forms, in the rest ones - subsphaerical or inflated and elongated; additional sutural and umbilical skeletal plates well developed; wall lime secretious, bifontinal, with the great thickening of the outer wall layers during the gametogenesis (crust), smooth or hispid and alveolar from the surface, may have long radial needles, immobile or setting loosely in the holes, having the opportunity to turn like in joints, pores regular, usually large, pore canaliculi funnel shaped, with one middle sieve-plate, growth of the new chambers like in Rotaliana; aperture situated at the base of the chamber (basal), usually large, occupying significant part of the shell, additional apertures very often; pseudopodia radial, nonanastomosing; agamonts multinucleate, heterokariotic, in Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber with the polymerization of the somatic nuclei also, the unique organellas - criptosomes and microvilli - are present; gametes biflagellate, their number many times larger than in the bottom species; free living pelagic forms. Jurassic - Holocene.
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Candeinidae | Genus Candeina | Species nitida | d'Orbigny, 1839 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Candeinidae | Genus Candeina | Species nitida | d'Orbigny, 1839 | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Candeinidae | Genus Globigerinita | Species sp. | --- | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Candeinidae | Genus Tenuitella | Species insolita | (Jenkins, 1966) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Cassigerinellidae | Genus Dipsidripella | Species danvillensis | (Howe and Wallace, 1932) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Catapsydracidae | Genus Catapsydrax | Species dissimilis | Cushman and Bermudez, 1937 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Catapsydracidae | Genus Dentoglobigerina | Species baroemoenensis | (Leroy, 1939) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Catapsydracidae | Genus Globoquadrina | Species dehiscens | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Chiloguembelinidae | Genus Chiloguembelina | Species ototara | (Finlay, 1940) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Beella | Species digitata | (Brady, 1879) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Bolliella | Species adamsi | Banner and Blow, 1959 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species apertura | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species bineiensis | Koch, 1935 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species bulloides | d'Orbigny, 1826 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species bulloides | d'Orbigny, 1826 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species concinna | Reuss, 1850 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species dubia | Egger, 1857 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species globularis | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species infracretacea | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species lentiana | Roegl, 1969 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species nepenthes | Todd, 1957 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species praebulloides | Blow, 1959 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species praebulloides | Blow and Banner, 1962 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species selli | Borsetti, 1959 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species tarchanensis | Subbotina and Chutzieva, 1950 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerina | Species venezuelana | Hedberg, 1937 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinatella | Species insueta | (Cushman and Stainforth, 1945) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinella | Species calida | (Parker, 1962) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinella | Species obesa | (Bolli, 1950) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinella | Species siphonifera | (d'Orbigny, 1839) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinella | Species siphonifera | (d'Orbigny, 1839) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinella | Species sp. | reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species bisphericus | Todd, 1954 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species bisphericus | Todd, 1954 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species conglobatus | Brady, 1879 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species conglobatus | Brady, 1879 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species conglobatus | Brady, 1879 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species diminutus | (Bolli, 1957) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species diminutus | (Bolli, 1957) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species quadrilobus | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species ruber | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species sacculifer | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species sacculifer | (Brady, 1877) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species sacculifer | (Brady, 1877) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species sacculifer | (Brady, 1877) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species sp. | reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species sp. | --- | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species subquadratus | Broennimann, 1954 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species trilobus | (Reuss, 1850) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species trilobus | Leroy, 1939 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globigerinoides | Species trilobus | (Reuss, 1850) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globoturborotalia | Species obliquus | (Bolli, 1957) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globoturborotalia | Species ottnangiensis | Roegl, 1969 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globoturborotalita | Species ouachitaensis | (Howe and Wallace, 1932) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Globoturborotalita | Species rubescens | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Orbulina | Species bilobata | d'Orbigny, 1846 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Orbulina | Species suturalis | (Broennimann, 1951) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Orbulina | Species universa | (d'Orbigny, 1839) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Praeorbulina | Species transitoria | Blow, 1959 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Sphaeroidinella | Species dehiscens | (Parker & Jones, 1865) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Sphaeroidinella | Species dehiscens | (Parker & Jones, 1865) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Sphaeroidinella | Species dehiscens | (Parker & Jones, 1865) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Sphaeroidinella | Species dehiscens | (Parker & Jones, 1865) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Sphaeroidinellopsis | Species seminulina | Schwager, 1866 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globigerinidae | Genus Sphaeroidinellopsis | Species sphaeroides | Lamb, 1969 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globotruncanidae | Genus Contusotruncana | Species fornicata | (Plummer, 1931) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globotruncanidae | Genus Dicarinella | Species algeriana | (Caron, 1966) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globotruncanidae | Genus Globotruncana | Species sp. | --- | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globotruncanidae | Genus Globotruncana | Species sp. | reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globotruncanidae | Genus Globotruncana | Species ventricosa | (White, 1928) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globotruncanidae | Genus Globotruncana | Species ventricosa | White, 1928 | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globotruncanidae | Genus Globotruncanita | Species elevata | (Brotzen, 1934) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Globotruncanidae | Genus Rosita | Species fornicata | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Hastigerinidae | Genus Hastigerina | Species pelagica | (d'Orbigny, 1846) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Hedbergellidae | Genus Helvetoglobotruncana | Species helvetica | (Bolli, 1945) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Hedbergellidae | Genus Praeglobotruncana | Species delrioensis | (Plummer, 1931) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Planomalinidae | Genus Planomalina | Species buxtorfi | (Gandolfi, 1942) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Rotaliporidae | Genus Biticinella | Species breggiensis | (Gandolfi, 1942) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Rotaliporidae | Genus Rotalipora | Species globotruncanoides | Sigal, 1948 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Rotaliporidae | Genus Ticinella | Species primula | Luterbacher, 1963 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Rugoglobigerinidae | Genus Archaeoglobigerina | Species bosquensis | Pessagno, 1967 | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globigerinida | Family Rugoglobigerinidae | Genus Archaeoglobigerina | Species cretacea | (Ehrenberg, 1838) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globigerinita | Species uvula | (Ehrenberg, 1861) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species acostaensis | Blow, 1959 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species continuosa | Blow, 1959 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species crassaformis | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species fohsi | Blow and Banner, 1966 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species fohsi | Blow and Banner, 1966 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species hirsuta | (d'Orbigny; 1839) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species inflata | (d'Orbigny, 1839) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species margaritae | Bolli and Bermudez, 1965 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species margaritae | Bolli and Bermudez, 1965 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species mayeri | Cushman and Ellisor, 1939 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species menardii | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species merotumida | Blow and Banner, 1965 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species opima | Bolli, 1957 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species praemenardii | Cushman and Stainforth, 1945 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species puncticulata | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species scitula | Blow, 1959 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species sp. | reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species sp. | --- | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species truncatulinoides | (d'Orbigny, 1839) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species truncatulinoides | (d'Orbigny, 1839) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Globorotalia | Species tumida | (Brady, 1877) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Neogloboquadrina | Species continuosa | (Blow 1959) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Neogloboquadrina | Species dutertrei | (d'Orbigny 1839) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Neogloboquadrina | Species pachyderma | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Pulleniatina | Species obliquiloculata | (Parker & Jones, 1862) | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Pulleniatina | Species obliquiloculata | (Parker & Jones, 1862) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Pulleniatina | Species praecursor | Banner and Blow, 1967 | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Globorotaliidae | Genus Sphaeroidinellopsis | Species multiloba | Leroy, 1944 | reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Truncorotaloididae | Genus Acarinina | Species sp. | --- | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Globorotaliida | Family Truncorotaloididae | Genus Acarinina | Species strabocella | (Loeblich and Tappan, 1957) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Hantkeninida | Family Globanomalinidae | Genus Globanomalina | Species sp. | --- | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Heterohelicida | Family Guembelitriidae | Genus Guembelitria | Species cretacea | not reviewed by a scientist | ||
Globigerinana / Order: Heterohelicida | Family Heterohelicidae | Genus Hedbergella | Species delrioensis | (Carsey, 1926) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Heterohelicida | Family Heterohelicidae | Genus Hedbergella | Species delrioensis | (Carsey, 1926) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Heterohelicida | Family Heterohelicidae | Genus Heterohelix | Species globulosa | (Ehrenberg, 1840) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Heterohelicida | Family Heterohelicidae | Genus Heterohelix | Species sp. | --- | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Heterohelicida | Family Heterohelicidae | Genus Heterohelix | Species striata | (Ehrenberg, 1838) | not reviewed by a scientist | |
Globigerinana / Order: Heterohelicida | Family Heterohelicidae | Genus Protoheterohelix | Species washitensis | (Tappan, 1940) | not reviewed by a scientist |